What is Ovarian Cancer? 

Ovarian cancer is a type of cancer that develops in the ovaries, the female reproductive organs responsible for producing eggs and sex hormones. This cancer often shows no clear symptoms in its early stages, making it difficult to diagnose. If not detected and treated promptly, it can spread to other organs in the body. 

Ovarian Cancer Screening 

Currently, there is no highly effective screening method for the general population. However, there are a few ways that doctors can assess risk and detect the disease in its early stages: 

• Transvaginal Ultrasound (TVUS)

This test uses sound waves to examine the size and appearance of the ovaries. It can help detect abnormalities or signs of ovarian cancer.

• Blood Test for CA-125 Levels                       
  

CA-125 is a protein often found in higher levels in ovarian cancer patients. However, elevated CA-125 levels can also be seen in other conditions unrelated to cancer, so it is not specific for ovarian cancer. 

• Genetic Testing

For individuals with a family history of ovarian or breast cancer, genetic testing for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations is recommended to assess the risk of developing ovarian cancer. 

Ovarian Cancer Treatment 

The treatment plan for ovarian cancer depends on the stage of the disease and the patient’s overall health. The main treatment methods include: 

• Surgery

Surgery is the primary treatment method. Surgeons may remove one or both ovaries, the uterus, fallopian tubes, and surrounding affected organs. 

• Chemotherapy 

Chemotherapy uses medications to kill cancer cells and is often used in combination with surgery or when the cancer has spread. 

• Radiation Therapy

Radiation therapy uses high-energy rays to destroy cancer cells but is not usually the primary treatment for ovarian cancer. 

• Targeted Therapy

Targeted therapy uses specific drugs to inhibit the growth of cancer cells, such as PARP inhibitors for patients with BRCA gene mutations.

Surgical Treatment for Ovarian Cancer 

Surgery is the primary treatment, and the type of surgery depends on the stage of the disease, including: 

• Unilateral Oophorectomy:

Removal of one ovary, suitable for patients who want to preserve fertility and when cancer has not spread. 

• Total Hysterectomy with Bilateral Salpingo-Oophorectomy – BSO

Removal of the uterus, both ovaries, and fallopian tubes. 

• Debulking Surgery

Used when the cancer has spread to other organs, with the goal of removing as much of the cancer as possible. 

Ovarian cancer is a disease that requires timely diagnosis and treatment because its early symptoms are often unclear. Screening methods, such as ultrasound and blood tests like CA-125, can help detect the disease earlier. Treatment options depend on the stage of the cancer and may involve surgery, chemotherapy, or targeted therapy. If you suspect you may be at risk, it’s important to consult a doctor for guidance on screening and prevention.